In 2011, Hughes and Ritter (in press) were commissioned by the Australian Capital Territory (Justice and Community Safety Directorate) to evaluate the current and proposed Model Criminal Code quantities. The penalties for supplying drugs increase depending on the quantity of the drug supplied and if the matter is dealt with in the District Court. In this study, the authors use data on patterns of drug user consumption and purchasing to evaluate Australian legal threshold quantities to see whether Australian drug users are at risk of exceeding the thresholds for personal use alone. This strategy is required to curb drug trafficking across borders. The application of such an approach provides complete control and visibility of all parts of the frontier, even in hard-to-reach places. Two people were charged with drug trafficking and money laundering following a police investigation that uncovered a handgun, drugs and nearly a million dollars in cash. Of particular note here are New South Wales and South Australia where users risk exceeding the thresholds for consumption or purchase of three different drugsMDMA, methamphetamine and/or cocaine. This type of law, which has existed since the 1970s in eight of nine Australian jurisdictions1 is called deemed supply. StudyCorgi. The cases of several Australians potentially facing the death penalty in China for drug trafficking are centred around the southern province of Guangdong, a notorious hub for methamphetamine . OReilly, M. J. This problem requires the effective operation of border authorities, and the globalization of drug importation sets new goals for them. March 2, 2023. in News. In 2017, the authority seized 3.3 tonnes of cocaine, 2.1 tonnes of crystal meth and undocumented amount of Heroin. * Hyperlink the URL after pasting it to your document, Revising Principles of Providing a High Standard and Safe Working Environment, Mitigating Civilian Casualties in Densely Populated Areas, Judicial Process on Criminals: Hoagland Case, Federal Mental Health Parity Laws and Regulations, Palliative Care and Hospice Education Bill Advocacy, Rittenhouse Case Highlights the Nations Deep Division. It said that a man from the Gold Coast had . "External organised crime actors have played a central role inestablishing, fuellingand maintaining the drug market in the Pacificand driving the growth of local drug production and consumption," the report said. Drug trafficking and money laundering are global issues that are interconnected. A 24-year-old Sydney man has been jailed for nine years and four months after he posed as a teen to exploit and extort explicit images from children online. (2020). The report's author, Jose Sousa-Santos,saidthe street value formethamphetamine and cocaine in Australia and New Zealand was among the highestin the world. It is difficult to definitively estimate what proportion and how often users are placed at risk of unjustified charge or sanction. According to the 2019 National Drug Strategy Household Survey (NDSHS), an estimated 9.0 million (43%) people aged 14 and over in Australia had illicitly used a drug at some point in their lifetime (including the non-medical use of pharmaceuticals), and an estimated 3.4 million (16.4%) had used an illicit drug in the previous 12 months. A massive leak of classified documents from the Colombian government has exposed the identities and methods of secret agents working to stop international drug cartels from operating in Australia. The question arises, which users are at risk and how often will this occur? Mr Sousa-Santos said this could be addressed by providing holistic support to integrate individuals being deported,including "drug rehabilitation, some type of vocational training, language and cultural training before going back". This paper summarises key findings from a Criminology Research Grant funded project. methamphetamine is the most used and trafficked drug controlled by criminal organizations that produce it; crystal methamphetamine, MDMA (ecstasy), cannabis products, heroin, ketamine, and Erimin 5 (nimetazepam) are smuggled into the country; a transit point for trafficking cocaine and other drugs to the Australian market Australian drug trends 2011. Drug trafficking organisations have operated in Mexico for over 100 years. Further data on the frequency of high consumption and high purchasing behaviours is also needed. "Many times, these deportees have spent most of their lives outside of their countries of origin and have grown up in Australia, New Zealand or the US," Mr Sousa-Santos said. Indeed, they are 25200 times larger. Accordingly, training enables the frontier guards to prepare for complex operations. The kingpin, who fled the country in 2018 and now lives in Colombia with his wife, has 17 registered companies in his name. More concerning is the proportion of affected MDMA users. 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For each state, the ability of the legal threshold to successfully filter out drug users from drug traffickers (ie the reasonableness of the assumption that all who exceed the trafficable threshold warrant severe charge/sanction for trafficking) was examined using two metrics of the quantity of drug a user is likely to possess for personal use alone: Metric 1: User patterns of use; that is, quantity of drugs that a user is likely to possess for a single session of personal use. Web. On the threshold: How relevant should quantity be in determining intent to supply. "The offshore disruption of criminal groups and infiltrating organised crime is a key part of our role and part of the solution.". For more information on the penalties that apply in your state, refer to the state and territory . Australian police have described the action as one of the biggest blows to organized crime by seizing about 1.5 tonnes of drugs, including more than . This approach also provides Australian border guards to obtain predictive data about the possible crossing of the border with drugs. Of relevance here, users of cocaine are underrepresented in the sample (Degenhardt & Dietze 2005). Metric 2: User patterns of purchasing; that is, quantity of drugs that a user is likely to purchase for personal use. The process by which these institutions fulfill their duties is to control borders, gather information, investigate criminal networks, implement anti-smuggling technologies, and prosecute members of professional smuggling groups. What Does Drug Trafficking Mean In NSW and what is the penalty for drug trafficking in Australia? The report says motorcycle gangs are now involved in drug trafficking, extortion and money laundering in the region, using the example of the arrest in Australia of three men associated with an . . Police Detective . The number of Colombians applying for student visas to Australia increased from 1859 in 2005-06 to 17,250 in 2019-20, more than doubling in the six years between 2015 and 2020. The report also found thatcross-border efforts to police drug trafficking hadbeenundermined bya disconnectbetween regional and national law enforcement, anddisparity in capacity across agencies,which haderoded trust and intelligence-sharing between them. The AFP is concerned about possible breaches of operational security as a consequence of this data compromise, a spokesperson said. Deemed supply in Australian drug trafficking laws: A justifiable legal provision? March 03, 2023 - 3:04PM. Sindicich N & Burns L 2012. To date, only one state, South Australia, has enacted such changes. Deemed supply laws are inconsistent with Australian criminal law, Deemed supply laws are inconsistent with international drug trafficking laws, Deemed supply laws conflict with the goals of Australias National Drug Strategy, Deemed supply laws threaten confidence in the Australian judicial system. Such a question has particular importance for three reasons. As a result, a large consignment of drugs previously transported across the boundary was found. In conducting this work, five new metrics were developed and applied to evaluate drug trafficking threshold design, using Australian and international research evidence on drug user behaviour and drug markets. One group is allegedly linked to a Queensland accounting firm that caters to Spanish speakers, and an Australian man with links to the Bandidos.Credit: The leak sheds light on the vast scale of drug importation into Australia and the webs of businesses such as gyms, luxury car dealerships, hairdressers and a nightclub set up to launder drug money. Data were derived from three different national surveystwo of regular drug users (the Illicit Drug Reporting System: IDRS and the Ecstasy and related Drug Reporting System: EDRS) and one from the general population (the National Drug Strategy Household Survey: NDSHS). Drug trafficker Tony Mokbel taken to hospital. Foreword | Legal threshold quantities for drug trafficking, over which possession of an illicit drug is deemed trafficking as opposed to personal use are used in most Australian states and territories. Consequently, collectively with border guards, the Australian Federal Police is involved in the struggle against drug trafficking. Australian Institute of health and welfare (2021) Alcohol, tobacco & other drugs in Australia [Infographic]. The study which claims to be an Australian first, is called 'The Child Next Door.' It examines the issue of child exploitation and trafficking in Queensland and looks into the way children are mistreated. Instances of exceeding the thresholds are also greater when examining practices of regular users, rather than irregular users, and for considering patterns of heavy use, rather than patterns of typical use. Legal thresholds for serious drug offences: Expert advice to the ACT on determining amounts for trafficable, commercial and large commercial drug offences. Australia is strongly committed to countering people smuggling and human trafficking. Some of the AFPs operations in the leak led to arrests in Australia and overseas, apparently causing significant disruption to drug supply chains. This is under the trafficable threshold of 0.75 to 10 grams. The prohibited drugs trade imposes substantial health and execution costs at the global level also. Australia falls into this latter, minority category. This is particularly true for MDMA and for users in the states of New South Wales and South Australia. Secret agents targeting drug cartels in Australia exposed in data hack. But a new Australian report suggests that it's more prolific here than most people think, or perhaps even care to admit. In one case, the AFP is hunting a drug kingpin who is living in luxury after fleeing Perth for Colombia, leaving behind a string of still-operating businesses here. This provides clear evidence that thresholds in such instances are too low relative to patterns of drug use. This led to removal of 27 percent (n=237) of the national IDRS sample (n=868) and 28 percent (n=160) of the national EDRS sample (n=574). The New Zealand and Australian prime ministers publicly clash over the deportation of Kiwi criminals. The results are complex, as there are a large number of datasets crossing different populations, patterns of drug user behaviour and jurisdictions. The surveys also omit users who consume substances less frequently. However as shown in Table 2, examining the maximum quantity that a heroin user might be reasonably expected to possess for their personal use alone, users can equal or exceed the thresholds in one state for a typical session of use, in three states for a heavy session and in two states for purchasing. In another, a series of migration agents targeting Colombian students is being used to filter money and imported cocaine to motorcycle gangs operating in Brisbane. (2015). The leak contains details of 35 Australian Federal Police operations, some ongoing, as well as surveillance reports from undercover agents, phone taps and payroll records for Colombian law enforcement officers. Australian threshold quantities for drug trafficking: Are they placing drug users at risk of unjustified sanction? "There has beena notable increase in OMCG members travelling to the Pacific since2016, most commonly to the Cook Islands and Fiji.". Man jailed for role in 300kg cocaine import to Victoria. In 2010, more than 26,000 people from all Australian jurisdictions aged 12 years and over were sampled (AIHW 2011). The results indicate that some, but not all users are at risk, with those most likely to exceed current thresholds being consumers of MDMA and residents of New South Wales and South Australia. Moreover, among countries that choose to employ legal thresholds, there is variation in how they are employed, whether for example they are used to distinguish traffickers from users or to distinguish between different levels of drug trafficking or to trigger the type of sanction warranted for users (Hughes 2010a, 2003). This is a joint media release between the Australian Federal Police and the Commonwealth Director of Public Prosecutions. Under typical conditions, heroin users reported consuming a median quantity of 0.2 to 0.3 grams of heroin; well under the trafficable threshold of two to 25 grams. Data on last purchase amount was extracted by state and drug type, dosage conversions applied, data cross-checked with experts and then estimates compared against the actual threshold quantities.

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