Doesnt say! It is well understood by nutrition researchers that we, as humans, should derive nutrition from food. Leland Swanson, a veteran and avid golfer, enjoyed staying active, but joint discomfort often made even simple tasks difficult. In this authors opinion, the later process was not an improvement consistent with some of Royal Lees writings. Swanson stands with you in seeking wellness in all aspects of life. This means that they are preserved in their purest state. Depending on the gland, they also can contain essential vitamins such as vitamin C, thiamin, riboflavin, vitamin B-3, vitamin B-6, folate, vitamin B-12, vitamin D, vitamin E, and vitamin K [44,45]. Reviewed in the United States on November 3, 2021, Reviewed in the United States on May 19, 2019. Are they safe to take? Our supplement was developed using the highest quality neonatal tissues from young calves that have minimal exposure to environmental toxins and pollutants. Harrower wrote: The practical application of this idea concerns the administrationof combinations of glands in presumed pluriglandular disturbances. [. Back in the 1930s, four key factors led to glandulars becoming a staple of the supplement world: the material was abundant to produce these products, the historical . Reviewed in the United States on August 31, 2021. Enzymes help the respective organs they are involved with function better. It should be noted that bovine thyroid does not itself contain substantial amounts of thyroxin which is why it is appropriate to feed the human thyroid gland. Liver Glandular Organic 500mg 125 caps from NutriCology. Nutrition and exercise needs can change due to lifestyle, environment, work, illness, age and more. SFGate, June 22, 2020. For dogs, the consumption of desiccated beef kidney can lead to a host of health benefits. 100% vegetarian FOOD supplement that is intended to supply 100% FOOD B vitamins. 100% FOOD supplement that is intended to supply nutrients, glandulars, and herbs needed to maintain and support optimal thyroid health. It also offers decent amounts of copper and zinc. My husband, is in fact, working with a doctor in his use of a kidney glandular for his kidney disease. - posted in Mental Health: Hi,Background -28 year old maleI have suffered from dysthymia most of my life. The glandular extracts that we use today are products made from the dried and powdered glandular (or organ) tissue of animals . Please try again. I have PTSD and my hypertension and high blood pressure have obviously damaged my kidneys.. but I believe that these supplements will help me. The U.S. Food . Taking these products in the absence of a clear diagnosis can actually upset the bodys delicate hormonal balance and make matters worse. DISCLAIMER: THIS WEBSITE DOES NOT PROVIDE MEDICAL ADVICE, Find a Keto + Carnivore Friendly Provider, Kiltzs Recommended Products, Services, and Brands, Explore all Doctor Kiltz Products and Recommended Services. Brain glandulars contain specific brain cell activators[4] and have been advised for slowness of thought, loss of memory, uncontrolled mental activity, nightmares, mental retardation, and epilepsy [5,6]. > Glandulars. Orchic is a word for testicle. 240 Tablets $106.98. . Thytrophin PMG is a health supplement made with bovine thyroid PMG extract processed to remove the thyroxine thyroid hormone. which can cause serious kidney/urinary system disease (e.g., renal fibrosis or . And we have to decide if he should take it more than once a day. Drugs & Vitamins Drugs A-Z Generic Drugs A-Z Drugs by Classification Drugs Comparison (Drug Vs. Drug) Vitamins & Supplements Drug Interaction Checker Pill Identifier. To really know how effective something . Anyway, everyone is different, and clinically what is best for one is not always best for another. Glandulars should be considered more by health care professionals. It should be noted that when, for example, an adrenal enzyme reaches the toes basically nothing happens as the adrenal enzymes (as well as others) are specific to, in this case, the adrenal glands. Dr. Weil's FREE health living advice delivered to you! Over-the-counter supplements - One such example is the Thyroid Adrenal Reset Complex. If youre still squeamish about preparing organ meats, or just dont have the time to cook for yourself, organ meat supplements can be a convenient alternative. Its delicious, its nutritious, and it has the backing of thousands of years of tried-and-true dietary love from traditional cultures around the world! Beef Spleen: The Takeaway. Dr. Weil on Healthy Aging - Your Online Guide to the Anti-Inflammatory Diet. [, Beef kidney is a great source of vitamin A, coming in at 419 micrograms per moderate-sized serving. If you actually have one of these conditions, you should be under the care of an endocrinologist and not treating yourself with glandular extracts. Desiccated and defatted. Spruot Living, June 13, 2011, [51] Lee R, Hanson W. Protomorphology: The Principles of Cell Auto-Regulation. Glandulars supplements can be made in several ways. At least it is true about Swanson's raw ovarian glandular. The application of freeze-drying process to foods is most important appears to be for meats such as beef [48]. Protomorphogen is, therefore, the initiating stimulates to formation of connective tissue in the organism. This may be why, although he advocated whole glands for acute problems, he tended to prefer more processed glandular extracts for long term consumption. Studies show that protein can lengthen your time between meals and make it easier to cut back on calories. The end result of this process produces glandulars that are known as enzyomorphogens (EMGs). Additionally, animal protein provides all 9 essential amino acids, making them a complete protein. Today, adrenal extract is available only in pill form. Adrenal extract (oral) is used for low adrenal function; fatigue; stress; impaired resistance to illness; severe allergies, asthma, eczema, psoriasis, rheumatoid arthritis, and other inflammatory conditions. Summary: Organ meats . His research into the benefits of vitamins and supplements nurtured a deep commitment to wellness at every age and a desire to share his findings with others. Freeze-dried is not damaging protein in meat, fat soluble vitamins VA, VD, etc have no loss [49]. However, health food stores stock many products containing glandular extracts. As a source of growth factors and hormones, BPE is used in tissue culture research to support various cell lines, such as skin, breast, lung and prostate. Unlike plants, fauna have most of the same biological materials (like enzymes and other peptides) that humans do [1]. Please check compatibility before purchasing. One serving of beef liver, for example, provides more than 100% of your daily . Smart Publications, Petaluma (CA), 1993:75-80, [9] Thiel R. Serious Nutrition for Health Care Professionals, 2nd ed. Many people force water and drink too much. . The pancreas is nature's natural source of enzymes. As it happens, a cows kidneys are also hugely helpful to us. Since glandulars combined with herbs tend to work faster and sometimes better than herbs alone, why else arent glandulars used more? 1996-2023, Amazon.com, Inc. or its affiliates, Swanson Kidney Glandular 500 mg 60 Caps 2 Pack, Updated other options based on this selection. Privacy Policy. Theoretically, glandulars can come from any animal, but most often they are derived from bovine (cow). Learn more how customers reviews work on Amazon. It can be taken . In Product Bulletins, circa 1950, [13] Lee R. Ovary Cytotrophin. [2]. As it happens, a cows kidneys are also hugely helpful to us. [, Beef kidney contains large amounts of vitamin B12 and other energy-mobilizing B vitamins. The thymus gland contains thymic hormones which Schulof found may enhance immune response for people with HIV [14]. Freeze dried foods retain nearly 100% of the health benefits of the original food product. Today, his namesake Swanson Health Products continues his vision of helping everyone maintain wellness and enjoying life to its fullest. Exactly how much water you need depends largely on your health and lifestyle. The field of medicine changes on a regular basis: therefore, we do not guarantee the accuracy of the information provided on this site, nor do we guarantee that the information represents the most currently accepted standards read full disclaimer, https://royalsocietypublishing.org/doi/abs/10.1098/rstb.1991.0112, https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4684134/, https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3178961/, https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4369670/, Natural Treatment Remedies for Palpitations. Outlets and voltage differ internationally and this product may require an adapter or converter for use in your destination. Active enzymes, nutrients, antioxidants, amino acids, and more remain locked in. Ear glandular tissue, if available, is often taken for people with hearing concerns. Perhaps we should still be giving beef kidney to our children today! People take these as a way to boost thyroid-gland function. Click here to join Dr. Kiltzs FREE Keto + Carnivore Support Community Kiltzs Mighty Tribe. Well explore beef kidneys nutritional status and health benefits whether you eat it fresh or as a convenient organ meat supplement. Please try again. Ruminant glandulars have a long history of being safe to consume. Saudi J Biological Sciences, Volume 25, Issue 4, May 2018: 724-732, [50] What Is The Freeze Drying Process? Shop for Glandular Supplements online with Swanson Health Products, where unparalleled quality meets unbeatable prices. mention therapeutic use of animal tissues and glandular materials. 535 reviews. [13]. New Zealand Medical Journal 1994: 231, [39] JOINT STATEMENT FROM THE NEW ZEALAND FOOD SAFETY AUTHORITY AND MINISTRY OF AGRICULTURE AND FORESTRY. Thymus extract is sometimes added to cosmetics and hair care products as an anti-aging ingredient. [7], Iron is a naturally-occurring mineral thats found in foods, other organic substances, and your bloodstream. Processing is very important in maintaining enzyme activity; 2. It ensures that there is no accumulation of fat and toxins or degradation of organ tissue that occurs with typical adult tissue. Many of the pioneering glandular researchers [42] prefer ruminant source (bovine {cow}, goat, orovine {sheep}) glandulars to glandulars from other animals for many reasons: Clinically, ovine, goat, and bovine glandulars are also preferable to porcine (pork) glandulars as followers of many religious faiths (Islam, Judaism, Seventh-day Adventists, and various Churches of God) will not consume pork, but will consume meat extracts from sheep, goats, or cows. Is this from grass-fed, hormone-free cows? [, As an added plus, the preformed vitamin A in kidney is also great for your skin. Cognitive decline in the elderly: a double-blind placebo-controlled multicenter study on the efficacy of phosphatidylserine administration. Adrenal extract is a chemical that is made from the adrenal glands of slaughtered cows, pigs, and sheep. Bovine pituitary extract, or BPE, is a filtered, water-based extract of fresh pituitary glands from cattle. As a raw feeder, you know organ meats are the most nutrient-dense meats your dog can get. This article aims to change that. price $4.28. However, it is unclear precisely how these substances may affect energy levels, health, and/or mental function. It's also one of the best animal-based sources of vitamin A. A selenium-replete thyroid also does a better job producing the youth-associated hormones (pregnenolone, progesterone, and DHEA). Natural Thyroid & Pituitary Support*. Please be wary of the notion that a hormonal imbalance is the cause of whatever problem youre hoping to affect by taking a glandular extract. 3rd ed. Glandulars contain nutritional peptides, enzymes, and substances believed to be hormone precursors. Glandular organs contain food vitamins and minerals and were often used in the past to supply various nutrients. raw kidney glandular benefits. The glandulars have been processed at a low temperature in order to preserve the enzymes, nutrients and other factors and ensure the highest quality product available. Uncategorized. Bovine mammary tissue has been sometimes advised for disorders related to female breasts such as nipple pain, lymph node enlargement, breast underdevelopment, mastitis, menstrual pain, nipple inflammation, congestion, and lactation difficulties [12]. Doctors back then actually recommended specific glandular consumption based on the . Howell has also reported that individuals with significant health problems have been found to have lower levels of enzymes than healthy individuals and that oral enzyme supplementation has been helpful for many such people [22]. Water helps clear sodium and toxins from your kidneys. We include products in articles we think are useful for our readers. We are sorry. You might consider taking BPE to address any number of issues, including thyroid . Once reaching the adrenal glands, they help the adrenal glands through various anabolic and catabolic reactions. We suggest that the skeleton of the specific protein molecule has the unique function of creating and maintaining the specific character and form of the molecule. Most raw feeders follow the 80-10-10 guideline 80% muscle meat, 10% bone and 10% organ meat. How Much Organ Meat Should Be In The Raw Diet? A study found that glutamine could decrease intestinal permeability and help to heal leaky gut4. Our nutritional supplements and wellness products are trusted by healthcare practitioners and consumers worldwide. [26]. Clinically, it seems helpful for many who have raised liver enzymes, especially if given with detoxifying herbs like silymarin, red beet, and garlic. You should not rely solely on this content, and Amazon assumes no liability for inaccuracies. Bovine uterus extracts have long been used for women with leucorrhea, uterine cysts, fibroids, uterine displacement, excessive or scanty mense, some types of sterility, menstruation cramps, prolapse uterus [6, 18]. its usually more nutritious than other options. I would like to learn more about glandular extracts. Royal Lee claimed bovine orchic gland extracts could be indicated for those with nervous tension, lowered tolerance to stress, depression, loss of psychic tone, bruising on slight trauma, loss of appetite, skin lesions, adrenal insufficiency, nervousness, insecurity, mental aberrations, lack of feeling of well-being. Water soluble amino bases and acids The problem with steroid or prostaglandin therapy is that the medical sciences have removed them from the naturally occurring matrix which has a fine balance of steroids and prostaglandins. Statements regarding dietary supplements have not been evaluated by the FDA, and these products are not intended to diagnose, treat, cure, or prevent any disease or condition. Cook until garlic turns golden brown, Add the kidney back in, then add a little more lemon juice. chub bag, FINE ground. Glandulars can theoretically come from any animal, but most often they are derived from cow (bovine). Cambridge Philosophical Society, Biological Reviews,1984;59: 289-331, [20] Popov I.M., et al. Some of these studies (or citations) may not conform to peer review standards (though most do). Anyway, it appears to partially boost the efficacy of salt-dried glandulars, Royal Lee came up with a process to add back part of the gland and he referred to the end product as a protomorophogen. Many raw glandular preparations contain substances that can facilitate the conversion of various susbtrates into hormones. Lee Foundation for Nutritional Research, Milwaukee, 1947, [43] Nuttall, Dr. , Protomorphogens, as found in living organisms, are virus-like nucleoprotein molecules Being nucleoprotein in nature (in its functional state) they are soluable in saline solution; . Have really helped my dogs with their lab results on kidney function. In the absence of clear research findings, the ways our ancestors viewed kidney is telling: The kidneys are usually given to children, Arctic explorer Vilhjalmur Stefansson detailed in his fascinating book The Fat of the Land, somewhat as if they were candy. [22] Perhaps we should still be giving beef kidney to our children today! Healing Drops Thymus Glandular softgel capsules are the thymus peptides bio regulator natural material. Consult your healthcare provider before use if you are taking any prescription medications. Any third party offering or advertising on this website does not constitute an endorsement by Andrew Weil, M.D. One analysis from the Boston Normative Aging Study found an association between higher vitamin B6 concentrations and better memory in men aged 5481. Some have suggested that bovine spleen may aid in the elimination of allergic breakouts [6]. Raw Thyroid, 90 Capsules, Natural Sources. For example, CoQ10, a nutrient needed for generating cellular energy and protecting against disease, is highest in organs like heart, liver, and kidney3. They contain dried and ground-up raw animal glandular tissues or extracts of those tissues from the thyroid, thymus, adrenals, pituitary, ovaries, testis, and pancreas. However, many published studies did not report what, if any, side effects were experienced [ 28, 36 ]. The pancreas produces trypsin and is operational in intermediate protein metabolism [6]. In Product Bulletins, circa 1950, [14] Lee R. Spleen Cytotrophin. Petz Park Urinary + Kidney For Cats Fish 60 Scoops for $30 - Compare prices of 38279 products in Vitamins and Nutrition from 167 Online Stores in Australia. Another term for freeze-drying is sublimation. Kidney is rich enough in complete proteins to be highly satiating. Weve built our company on quality, transparency and innovation. However, the cellular compositions and their phenotypic properties over the course of lactation are poorly understood. Cardiovascular glandulars are normally made from bovine heart. It is our goal at Food Research to provide the best, scientifically researched, natural food supplements which meet the needs of those who live in our modern society. Try 2 capsules, 2-3x daily and wait for some results. Tribes and healers have long thought these tissues are responsible for boosting the function or healing of the corresponding human tissue. 3. Always read labels and directions before using a product. 2 Glandular . While riboflavin deficiency is very rare in the Western world, having sufficient levels promotes hair growth, and supports nervous system function. Beef Kidney Nutrition. Having a healthy heart, therefore also helps the kidneys. Available in a 25 gram container. In this age of COVID-19, there are multiple reports of long-term damage to lungs, kidneys, and other organs [52], glandulars of many types should be considered as something that people can do to help their bodies. Another reason is many people believe that plants are always the answer. [, ] Suet is also a great source of stearic acid, a special fat that may lower bodyweight by helping your mitochondria use fat in the production of cellular energy. Our mission is to offer innovative wellness solutions. Our quality testing includes, but is not limited to: By following strict guidelines, we ensure our products are carefully and rigorously tested for both purity and potency. Organ meats were once the most cherished and valued sources of meat1. Glandular supplements. [16]. Product Description. They are normally secreted in long chain proteins which are then broken down into endorphins which are then digested by specific proteases into the active hormones Therefore, most of the protein is assimilated in peptide form not amino acid form. GRASS FED PANCREAS. Dr. Lees protomorphogens were essentially a component of the whole animal gland extracted in a liquid form that were added to a base. Sorry, we were unable to perform your search at this time. Start your 14-day free trial now and start eating anti-inflammatory today! Bovine thymus tissue is often used for immune system support. Glandulars can kick start stubborn glands or organs. by Solaray. - Pure Kidney - . - for kidney recovery, adjust this down by 2/3 Organ and glandular supplements come from animal organs and glands. Take a bottle of Dr Christopher's "Kidney/Bladder" herbal complex in the recommended doses. Corn silk plus China barley would be more effective for kidney problems! Fun fact: The heart is rich in choline, which can be converted to glycine, and other essential amino acids that provide a major boost in collagen production. Glands are typically secretory organs, meaning they secrete a specific substance into the blood or other pathways of the body. Enjoy the health benefits of organ meats, provided in a simple supplement form, without having to source quality organ meats and cook them the correct way. National Nutrient Database for Standard Reference Legacy Release, April, 2018, [45] Basic Report: 13325, Beef, variety meats and by-products, liver, raw. [10] Guyton AC, Hall JE. 60 Caps. Textbook of Medical Physiology, 9th ed. For a tissue cell to repair or replace itself, it must have the raw materials necessary. 03. This is a fine product. 2016; 1(6): 1027, [49] Ma Y, et al. Porcine thyroid glandular supplements are over-the-counter nutritional supplements that are made from dried thyroid glands of pigs. ), 2005, [18] Lee R. Uterus Cytotrophin. . The primary difference between raw and desiccated glandulars is the enzyme content [34]. If also taken with a form of moss, some report assistance with tinnitus. Swanson Premium's Raw Kidney Glandular supplement is made only from raw, cold-processed bovine glandular tissue collected at USDA-inspected facilities. Key composition optimization of meat processed protein source by vacuum freeze-drying technology. Organ and glands from grass-fed animals are highly nutrient-dense, with many essential vitamins, minerals, and other nutrients. We take quality seriously, and that's why we are voluntary members of NSF International and follow Good Manufacturing Practices to ensure that our procedures are the best they can be. It says to take one 250 mg. per day, but no way it even comes close to what a male has to take to get feminine boobs. Reviewed in the United States on July 6, 2021. Hence, not nearly as interchangeable. its a filer binder lubricant found in many pills or supplements as a inert substance. View Product. Beyond lack of knowledge another reason is that, generally speaking, glandular ingredients cost more money than herbal ingredients. Bovine ovarian tissue is sometimes advised to help some woman sleep at night, reduce the production of acne, improve mood, sometimes aid in menopausal issues, and for some women, increase fertility [13]. In the past, whole meat organs or glands were given to people. After two wks of the herbals, take a bottle of Raw Kidney Glandular supplement. Pancreas glandular tissue. out of DrWeil.com subscriptions at any time. Then feed kidney, thyroid, or adrenal tissue. And thats why we developed our own neonatal glandular supplement. A study using a protocol of glandular supplementation found that within three months of treatment the symptoms of hypothyroidism within patients were significantly reduced2. in fact, "Raw Kidney", not "Raw Female". Freeze drying was conducted under the conditions of low temperature and high oxygen, thus microbes and enzymes have no effect on it, food is also not affected by oxidation, food color, aroma, taste and nutrition loss minimum, so especially suitable for drying food of extremely thermal and oxidation easily. I just ordered 3 bottles of Swanson Kidney Glandular 500 mg supplements. Cell therapy. 2006; 66(5):969-974, [37] DeCava JA. Because Thytrophin PMG strengthens your thyroid, this supplement can also affect your . Suggested Use For Adults: As a dietary supplement, take one to two capsules daily, following a meal. Spleen, heart, liver and lung organ tissues are often utilized in glandular supplements along with the actual glands. Some people believe that providing like-tissue will support your own tissue of the same kind. The pancreas is instrumental in the regulation of blood sugar and is one of the most important organs related to a healthy digestive system. And you know that prey-model guidelines recommend organ meat form about 10% of your dog's diet. or Healthy Lifestyle Brands. Thus it may be reasonable to conclude that other substances contained within or derived from bovine/ovine sources may be helpful for other human diseases. We call it the Kick Start My Heart. Food Research; 100% Whole Food Supplements for Healthcare Professionals, Download Food Research Product Catalog Here. Studies show that protein can lengthen your time between meals and make it easier to cut back on calories. The glandular supplements work synergistically with the holistic modalities to promote self-healing. Its also a popular dietary supplement. Yes, specific biological effects are important. However, this belief ignores the fact that some ingested protein is not broken down into its constituent amino acids. Biofilm: What is it? Rubicon Productions, Bakersfield, 1993, [7] Cenacchi T, et al. There is a natural law which applies in the universe and even more so in biochemistry. Other routes of absorption are active transport mechanisms such as chemotaxis another route is immune-absorption where the protein or molecule combines with another protein and is carried in piggy back The third category for glandular therapy is as a food They are rich in protein and minerals and B-complex [34]. You should not use the information on this website for diagnosing or treating a health problem or disease, or prescribing any medication or other treatment. they are absorbed through standard biological processes. Bovine thyroid tissue (note: bovine thyroid glands are thyroxine-free, thus do not result in a shutting down of the thyroid gland when taken). Our product is made in the U.S. from 100% USDA inspected animals. Most animal organs and glands are significantly more nutrient-denser than muscle meat. [18], Beef kidney is rich enough in vitamin A to be great for your vision. Serving Size: 1 capsule. Spleen Glandular ( 5) 200 mg 60 Caps. Organic / Pasture-raised raw eggs (4 to 6 large eggs) - for kidney recovery, adjust this down by 2/3; Organic raw pastured-raised milk (1 cup or 150g). Folate is an important B vitamin thats especially important for pregnant mothers a growing baby requires lots of it. Customer Reviews, including Product Star Ratings help customers to learn more about the product and decide whether it is the right product for them.Learn more how customers reviews work on Amazon. raw kidney glandular benefits. Grass-fed beef kidney is likely to contain higher levels of stearic acid, conjugated linoleic acid, omega 3s, and other beneficial nutrients than grain-fed alternatives. They are not typical of the Western diet as muscle meats tend to be more popular. Error posting question. This uniquely formulated supplement contains raw bovine (cow) and ovine (sheep) tissue from neonatal spleen, heart, liver, kidney, pancreas, lung, thymus, intestine and adrenals. [27] This is important because stearic acid activates the mitochondria (energy centers) of your cells, resulting in a host of benefits from improved weightloss, to reduced risk of heart disease and cancer.2. Healing Drops Raw Thymus Extract Contains softgel capsules with 1000mg of active ingredients per softgel capsule: 50-day course. The breasts are involved in lactation, sexual attraction, and sexual response. #2. Down syndrome and thyroid dysfunction: Should nutritional support be the first-line treatment? www.drweil.com. A post shared by The Fertile Carnivore, MD (@doctorkiltz). Please try again later. Riboflavin, or vitamin B2, is among the many important B vitamins. Swanson Raw Kidney Glandular 500 Milligrams 60 Capsules : Check Price at Amazon: 7: Swanson Raw Pituitary Glandular 80 Milligrams 60 Capsules : Check Price at Amazon: 8: Swanson Raw Prostate Glandular 150 Milligrams 60 Capsules : Check Price at Amazon: 9: Swanson Raw Orchic Glandular 1 Gram 30 Tabs : Check Price at Amazon: 10 . New Zealand Food Safety Authority. Glandulars are raw, desiccated animal glandular and non-glandular tissues or extracts of these tissues. Information on this website is provided for informational purposes only and is not intended as a substitute for the advice provided by your physician or other healthcare professional. 3. Thank you. Adrenal extract is used for fatigue or exhaustion, poor stress tolerance, allergies, auto-immune disorders, depression, inflammation, low blood . Also, a rise in cortisol from your adrenals can raise your blood pressure. Ask your butcher if they carry grass-fed beef its usually more nutritious than other options. Each is formulated to deliver the highest quality with the lowest environmental impact. My swelling is also melting. 1 softgel = 4 competitive capsules, 50 softgels = 50 days supply. Please use a different way to share. The doctor is studying what he can. When looking for enzymatic activity, researchers have concluded that the process of freeze drying resulted in a more complete drying and preserved more enzyme activity [47].

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