Kaiser Wilhelm II is best known as a Emperor. He also released his soldiers and officials in both Prussia and the empire from their oath of loyalty to him. Second, there came those who judged Wilhelm to be completely unable to handle the great responsibilities of his position, a ruler too reckless to deal with power. Wilhelm continued as Protector of the Order even after 1918, as the position was in essence attached to the head of the House of Hohenzollern. "[124] Wilhelm advocated a "regular international all-worlds pogrom la Russe" as "the best cure" and further believed that Jews were a "nuisance that humanity must get rid of some way or other. The 63-year-old Wilhelm invited the boy and his mother, Princess Hermine Reuss of Greiz, to Doorn. He grew a beard and allowed his famous moustache to droop, adopting a style very similar to that of his cousins King George V and Tsar Nicholas II. [83] On 10 November, Wilhelm crossed the border by train and went into exile in the neutral Netherlands. Wilhelm tried to scale back the mobilisation of Germany's armed forces, but was prevented by the Germany military. Free shipping for many products! [55] The Kaiser proceeded to tour the city on the back of a white horse. Born during the reign of his granduncle Frederick William IV of Prussia, Wilhelm was the son of Prince Frederick William and Victoria, Princess Royal. [8] Due to the "narrowness of the birth canal", he then forcibly pulled the left arm downwards, tearing the brachial plexus, then continued to grasp the left arm to rotate the infant's trunk and free the right arm, likely exacerbating the injury. [111] Until the late 1950s, Germany under the last Kaiser was depicted by most historians as an almost absolute monarchy. Frederick William IV had been left permanently incapacitated by a series of strok Bismarck planned to use the young prince as a weapon against his parents in order to retain his own political dominance. Through his mother, he was the eldest grandchild of Queen Victoria of the United Kingdom. When Alfred attempted to subdue him by force, Wilhelm bit him on the leg. Kaiser Wilhelm II. United Press, "Former Kaiser Will Never Be Tried For War Holland Will Refuse Extradition Demand Will Be Made as Matter of Form But Britain and France Will Drop Case When Dutch Refuse to Deliver War Lord", "Ex-Kaiser Married in Strict Privacy at House of Doorn", The New York Times, 6 November 1922, p. 1, Kalakaua to his sister, 4 August 1881, quoted in Greer, Richard A. The Kaiser Wilhelm Institute for Medical Research was founded in 1929 at the height of one of Germanys most dynamic periods of scientific development. [16] Wilhelm possessed a quick intelligence, but this was often overshadowed by a cantankerous temper. Wilhelm never changed, and throughout his life he believed that Jews were perversely responsible, largely through their prominence in the Berlin press and in leftist political movements, for encouraging opposition to his rule. in Wooster, OH Wilhelm's most contentious relationships were with his British relations. When you encounter him, know this: no quarter will be given. Wilhelm was born in Berlin on 27 January 1859at the Crown Prince's Palaceto Victoria, Princess Royal "Vicky", the eldest daughter of Britain's Queen Victoria, and Prince Frederick William of Prussia ("Fritz" the future Frederick III). [85], President Woodrow Wilson of the United States opposed extradition, arguing that prosecuting Wilhelm would destabilise international order and lose the peace. ", Otte, T.G., "'The Winston of Germany': The British Elite and the Last German Emperor", Rich, Norman. Hearst Magazine Media, Inc. Site contains certain content that is owned A&E Television Networks, LLC. [38] Beginning in the 1890s, Wilhelm made visits to England for Cowes Week on the Isle of Wight and often competed against his uncle in the yacht races. The imperial crown was thus tied to the Prussian crown, meaning that Wilhelm could not renounce one crown without renouncing the other. More recently, historian John C. G. Rhl has portrayed Wilhelm as the key figure in understanding the recklessness and downfall of Imperial Germany. He was succeeded as Chancellor of Germany and Minister-President of Prussia by Leo von Caprivi, who in turn was replaced by Chlodwig, Prince of Hohenlohe-Schillingsfrst, in 1894. Wilhelm was 29 years old when he broke into the big leagues on April 18, 1903, with the Pittsburgh Pirates. [53], The result was years of highly publicized scandals, trials, resignations, and suicides. By August 1916, this broad delegation of power gave rise to a de facto military dictatorship that dominated national policy for the rest of the conflict. ", This page was last edited on 4 March 2023, at 08:48. [14], Wilhelm, from six years of age, was tutored and heavily influenced by the 39-year-old teacher Georg Ernst Hinzpeter. No 'Memorial Service' or committee to remember her marvellous work for the welfare of our German people Nobody of the new generation knows anything about her. He Wants Their Treasures Back", "Kaiser, 25 Years a Ruler, Hailed as Chief Peacemaker;", "Ex Kaiser's Secret Wedding 1922 (silent film newsreel)", "How Recep Tayyip Erdogan seduces Turkish migrants in Europe", "Germany and the Armenian Genocide of 191517", Hof- und Staats-Handbuch des Knigreich Preuen, "Wilhelm II, German Emperor & King of Prussia (18591941)", "Wilhelm II. [21], Although in his youth he had been a great admirer of Otto von Bismarck, Wilhelm's characteristic impatience soon brought him into conflict with the "Iron Chancellor", the dominant figure in the foundation of his empire. The plan supposed that it would take a long time before Russia was ready for war. In May 1940, Wilhelm declined an offer from Winston Churchill of asylum in Britain, preferring to die at Huis Doorn. WebHer principal dimensions were: - length 216 meters, width 22 meters, depth 16 meters. He was already experiencing an incurable throat cancer and spent all 99 days of his reign fighting the disease before dying. and Barbara Bushs Amazing Love Story. He alienated Britain with his naval expansion and a policy of aggressive German colonial expansion, and also supported the Boers in their fight against the British. [110], On 8 June 1913, a year before the Great War began, The New York Times published a special supplement devoted to the 25th anniversary of the Kaiser's accession. During WWI, Wilhelm allowed his military advisers to dictate German policy. German foreign policy under Wilhelm II was faced with a number of significant problems. While it sounds ominous to call yourself the last German emperor, or kaiser, Wilhelms dynasty wasnt quite as impressive as youd think. "In the Guards," Wilhelm said, "I really found my family, my friends, my interestseverything of which I had up to that time had to do without." Wilhelm was born in 1882, six years before the accession of his father to the German throne. He appeared not to realise the chain reaction this would trigger. Every Sports Reference Social Media Account, Site Last Updated: Saturday, March 4, 12:52AM. The high command continued with its strategy even when it was clear that the Schlieffen plan had failed. Wilhelm was intensely fond of England as a young man and one of the great tragedies of his life was that he had to wage war on a country he loved almost as much as his own. As a matter of form, however, the British and French governments were expected to request Holland for the former kaiser's extradition. After Wilhelm II's grandfather, Wilhelm I, died in 1888, at the age of 90, Frederick III was named emperor. He has left nothing but a bunch of shirted gangsters! WebIrvin Key "Kaiser" Wilhelm (January 26, 1874 May 22, 1936) was a pitcher and manager in Major League Baseball.Between 1903 and 1914, he moved between the major and minor WebDimensions Height = 19 cm (7.5") Width = 40 cm (15.7") Depth = 0 cm (0.0") Seller Details Jane Short Antiques Sudbury Suffolk United Kingdom Tel: 07850 937057 or 07540 126714 International Tel: +44 7850 937057 or +44 7540 126714 view stock page Email seller about this item: Your email address: Your message to seller: SEND EMAIL TO SELLER There were a number of examples, such as the Kruger telegram of 1896 in which Wilhelm congratulated President Paul Kruger for preventing the Transvaal Republic from being annexed by the British Empire during the Jameson Raid. Subscribe to Stathead Baseball: Get your first month FREEYour All-Access Ticket to the Baseball Reference Database. He conferred with representatives of Sultan Abdelaziz of Morocco. He was a strong believer in increasing the strength of the German armed forces, particularly the navy. One memorable quotation from the interview was, "You English are mad, mad, mad as March hares. Wilhelm had seen the interview as an opportunity to promote his views and ideas on Anglo-German friendship, but due to his emotional outbursts during the course of the interview, he ended up further alienating not only the British, but also the French, Russians, and Japanese. He tried with some success to conceal this; many photographs show him holding a pair of white gloves in his left hand to make the arm seem longer. (Age 26-082d, Many thanks to him. Wilhelm was forced to abdicate and went into exile in the Netherlands. Harden, like some in the upper echelons of the military and Foreign Office, resented Eulenberg's approval of the Anglo-French Entente, and also his encouragement of Wilhelm to rule personally. [27], In foreign policy Bismarck had achieved a fragile balance of interests between Germany, France and Russia peace was at hand and Bismarck tried to keep it that way despite growing popular sentiment against Britain (regarding colonies) and especially against Russia. After the outbreak of the German Revolution, Wilhelm could not make up his mind whether to abdicate. The new Emperor opposed Bismarck's careful foreign policy, preferring vigorous and rapid expansion to protect Germany's "place in the sun". He was personally ill-equipped to steer German foreign policy along a rational course. All images are property the copyright holder and are displayed here for informational purposes only. [citation needed] There is debate amongst historians[according to whom?] (Age 44-212d) [original research?] The first appointee was Rear Admiral Karl Eduard Heusner, followed shortly by Rear Admiral Friedrich von Hollmann from 1890 to 1897. Height 10.5 cm. In 1913, Wilhelm hosted a lavish wedding in Berlin for his only daughter, Victoria Louise. Wilhelm also idolised his grandfather, Wilhelm I, and he was instrumental in later attempts to foster a cult of the first German Emperor as "Wilhelm the Great". A new position was created, equivalent to the supreme commander of the army: the Chief of the High Command of the Admiralty, or Oberkommando der Marine, was responsible for ship deployments, strategy and tactics. [73] On Monday, he motored back to Berlin from Potsdam and issued an imperial order to convene the Reichstag the next day. Copyright 2000-2023 Sports Reference LLC. But Frederick III would only rule for 99 days. The mourners included Field Marshal August von Mackensen, fully dressed in his old Imperial Hussars uniform, Admiral Wilhelm Canaris, Colonel General Curt Haase, World War I flying ace turned Wehrmachtbefehlshaber for the Netherlands General Friedrich Christiansen, and Reichskommissar for the Netherlands Arthur Seyss-Inquart, along with a few other military advisers. In a constitutional monarchy, however, the Chancellor also cannot afford to make an enemy of the monarch, who has plenty of means at his or her disposal of quietly blocking a Chancellor's policy objectives. "The Question of National Interest In Imperial German Foreign Policy: Bismarck, William II, and the Road to World War I. He is the son of Prince Frederick Wilhelm of Prussia and Princess Victoria, the oldest daughter of Queen Victoria of England. Farewell, comrades![48][49]. [74], On 19 August 1914, Wilhelm II predicted that Germany will win the war. There was little zeal in Britain to prosecute. However, Wilhelm often undermined such progress by threatening and making tactless statements towards other countries without first consulting his ministers. Height: 6'3 Despite towering above his family, William won't become the tallest British king if he takes the throne King Edward IV measured in at 6'4 back in the 15th century. Kaiser Wilhelm II In the years 19061909, Socialist journalist Maximilian Harden published accusations of homosexual activity involving ministers, courtiers, army officers, and Wilhelm's closest friend and advisor,[51] Prince Philipp zu Eulenberg. The Kaiser's farewell address to departing German soldiers commanded them, in the spirit of the Huns, to be merciless in battle. How Stinky the royal dog trumped the Kaiser. Although he had previously admired the great German statesman Otto von Bismarck, within two years Wilhelm had forced his resignation. After administering ipecac and prescribing a mild dose of chloroform, which was administered by Victoria's personal physician Sir James Clark, Martin advised Fritz the unborn child's life was endangered. WebBad Homburg in front of the height, Hesse, Kaiser Wilhelm Bad, in the park. [51] The view that Wilhelm was a deeply repressed homosexual is increasingly supported by scholars: certainly, he never came to terms with his feelings for Eulenberg. Wilhelm and his first wife, Princess Augusta Victoria of Schleswig-Holstein, were married on 27 February 1881. Reviews There are no reviews yet. Scegli tra immagini premium su Kaiser Wilhelm Bad della migliore qualit. Under Wilhelm, Germany invested in strengthening its colonies in Africa and the Pacific, but few became profitable and all were lost during the First World War. The Kaiser started his journey to the Ottoman Eyalets with Istanbul on 16 October 1898; then he went by yacht to Haifa on 25 October. (editor, 1967) ", The Last German Emperor, Living in Exile in The Netherlands 19181941, Learn how and when to remove this template message, Chlodwig, Prince of Hohenlohe-Schillingsfrst, Princess Augusta Victoria of Schleswig-Holstein, Princess Alexandra Victoria of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Glcksburg, Evangelical State Church of Prussia's older Provinces, Grand Cross of the Order of Duke Peter Friedrich Ludwig, Knight of Saints Cyril and Methodius, with Collar, Cross of Honour of the Order of the Dannebrog, Grand Cross of Saints Maurice and Lazarus, Charles Frederick, Grand Duke of Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach, Prince Edward, Duke of Kent and Strathearn, Princess Victoria of Saxe-Coburg-Saalfeld, "The Construction of the Baghdad Railway and its Impact on Anglo-Turkish Relations, 19021913", "Following The Tracks To War Britain, Germany & The BerlinBaghdad Railway", "Queen Victoria and the Crippled Kaiser ", "The Emperor's visit to the East: As reflected in contemporary Arabic journalism", "KAISER MOTORS TO BERLIN. While you will be able to view the content of this page in your current browser, you will not be able to get the full visual experience. Crown Prince Wilhelm, aged 19, wearing civilian clothing. However, Wilhelm's insistence that the swastika and Nazi Party regalia not be displayed at his funeral was ignored, as may accordingly be seen in the photographs of the funeral taken by a Dutch photographer. Kaiser Wilhem's early drawings shed new light on childhood. Born in Germany in 1859, to Germany's Frederick III and Victoria, Queen Victoria of England's eldest daughter, Kaiser Wilhelm served as emperor of Germany from 1888 until the end of .css-47aoac{-webkit-text-decoration:underline;text-decoration:underline;text-decoration-thickness:0.0625rem;text-decoration-color:inherit;text-underline-offset:0.25rem;color:#A00000;-webkit-transition:all 0.3s ease-in-out;transition:all 0.3s ease-in-out;}.css-47aoac:hover{color:#595959;text-decoration-color:border-link-body-hover;}World War I. Short Reigns. [10] The brachial plexus injury resulted in Erb's palsy, which left Wilhelm with a withered left arm about six inches (15 centimetres) shorter than his right. "[98], Also, in 1940 came what would have been his mother's 100th birthday. One of the few times when Wilhelm succeeded in personal diplomacy was when in 1900 he supported the marriage of Archduke Franz Ferdinand of Austria to Countess Sophie Chotek, against the wishes of Emperor Franz Joseph I of Austria. Wilhelm made erratic attempts to stay on top of the crisis via telegram, and when the Austro-Hungarian ultimatum was delivered to Serbia, he hurried back to Berlin. All Rights Reserved. On this document, I should never have given orders for mobilisation.[68]. The kaiser retained substantial cash reserves as well as several palaces. WebEncontre fotos de stock e imagens editoriais de notcias de Kaiser Wilhelm Bad na Getty Images. [84] Upon the conclusion of the Treaty of Versailles in early 1919, Article 227 expressly provided for the prosecution of Wilhelm "for a supreme offence against international morality and the sanctity of treaties", but the Dutch government refused to extradite him. [9] After completing the delivery, and despite realising the newborn prince was hypoxic, Martin turned his attention to the unconscious Victoria. His actions, at home as well as abroad, lacked guidance, and therefore often bewildered or infuriated public opinion. Wilhelm II or William II (Friedrich Wilhelm Viktor Albert; 27 January 1859 4 June 1941) was a member of the House of Hohenzollern who reigned as the last German Emperor (German: Kaiser) and King of Prussia from 15 June 1888 until his abdication on 9 November 1918. In 1888, Wilhelm's father succeeded as Frederick III. In January 1877, Wilhelm finished high school and on his eighteenth birthday received as a present from his grandmother, Queen Victoria, the Order of the Garter. Extract from Wilhelm's public address for mobilisation, 6 August 1914. Hermine remained a constant companion to the aging former emperor until his death. She turned him down, and in time, married into the Russian imperial family. He craved the acceptance of his grandmother, Queen Victoria, and of the rest of her family. During his rule, Germany's relations with Britain, France and Russia became strained. According to Eksteins, the Iron Chancellor, in his need for a scapegoat, had demonized Classical Liberals in the 1860s, Roman Catholics in the 1870s, and Socialists in the 1880s with the highly successful and often repeated refrain, "The Reich is in danger." When asked whom they would accept, Ludendorff recommended Georg Michaelis, a nonentity whom he barely knew. Wilhelm was born on 6 May 1882 in the Marmorpalais of Potsdam in the Province of Brandenburg. May 22, 1936 As a teenager he was educated at Kassel at the Friedrichsgymnasium. While it sounds ominous to call yourself the last German emperor, or kaiser, Wilhelms dynasty wasnt quite as impressive as youd think. Just as a thousand years ago the Huns under their King Attila made a name for themselves, one that even today makes them seem mighty in history and legend, may the name German be affirmed by you in such a way in China that no Chinese will ever again dare to look cross-eyed at a German. He is now 82 years old. Present yourselves as Christians in the cheerful endurance of suffering. ", in response to the political competition between the Christian sects to build bigger and grander churches and monuments which made the sects appear idolatrous and turned Muslims away from the Christian message. Or write about sports? Beginning in 1884, Bismarck began advocating that Kaiser Wilhelm send his grandson on diplomatic missions, a privilege denied to the Crown Prince. Find out more about how the BBC is covering the. A great task awaits you [in China]: you are to revenge the grievous injustice that has been done. But of our Germany, which was a nation of poets and musicians, of artists and soldiers, he has made a nation of hysterics and hermits, engulfed in a mob and led by a thousand liars or fanatics. Accepting the reality that he had lost both of his crowns for good, he gave up his rights to "the throne of Prussia and to the German Imperial throne connected therewith". Frederick William IV had been left permanently incapacitated by a series of strokes, and his younger brother Wilhelm was acting as regent. In 1896, Wilhelm enraged Britain by sending congratulations to Boer (Dutch South African) leader Paul Kruger following the defeat of a British raid into Boer territory. First, the court-inspired writers considered him a martyr and a hero, often uncritically accepting the justifications provided in the Kaiser's own memoirs. After realizing that Germany would lose the war, Wilhelm abdicated the throne on November 9, 1918, and fled to the Netherlands. The official version omitted the following passage from which the speech derives its name: Should you encounter the enemy, he will be defeated! That year, Prince Wilhelm was sent to the court of Tsar Alexander III of Russia in St. Petersburg to attend the coming of age ceremony of the 16-year-old Tsarevich Nicholas. Wilhelm invented and spread fears of a yellow peril trying to interest other European rulers in the perils they faced by invading China; few other leaders paid attention. The Book: Playing the Percentages in Baseball, Salaries may not be complete (especially pre-1985) and may not include some earned bonuses, Note, this is done in an automated way, so we apologize for any errors, & please. Our reasoning for presenting offensive logos. In March 1890, Wilhelm dismissed Chancellor Otto von Bismarck and assumed direct control over his nation's policies, embarking on a bellicose "New Course" to cement its status as a leading world power. BBC 2014 The BBC is not responsible for the content of external sites. His parents, particularly his British mother, tried to provide Wilhelm with a liberal education and a love of England. When Wilhelm was nearing 21, the Emperor decided it was time his grandson should begin the military phase of his preparation for the throne. Kaiser Wilhelm I died in Berlin on 9 March 1888, and Prince Wilhelm's father ascended the throne as Frederick III. from the SABR BioProject, More Kaiser Wilhelm Pages at Baseball Reference. "[99], Upon the fall of Paris a month later, Wilhelm sent another telegram: "Under the deeply moving impression of France's capitulation I congratulate you and all the German armed forces on the God-given prodigious victory with the words of Kaiser Wilhelm the Great of the year 1870: 'What a turn of events through God's dispensation!' WebFind the perfect denmark frederick v of stock photo, image, vector, illustration or 360 image. Punishment of the former kaiser and other German war criminals is worrying Great Britain little, it was said. Born: Furthermore, the young Emperor had come to the throne determined to rule as well as reign, unlike his grandfather. He frequently fell into depressions and hysterics William's personal instability was reflected in vacillations of policy. He died there in 1941. He grew up under the tyranny of Napoleon I. as to the precise degree to which Wilhelm succeeded in implementing "personal rule" in this era, but what is clear is the very different dynamic which existed between the Crown and its chief political servant (the Chancellor) in the "Wilhelmine Era". [102], During his last year at Doorn, Wilhelm believed that Germany was still the land of monarchy and Christianity, while England was the land of classical liberalism and therefore of Satan and the Antichrist. He dismissed the Haz tu seleccin entre imgenes premium de Kaiser Wilhelm Bad de la ms alta calidad. [61], Nothing Wilhelm did in the international arena was of more influence than his decision to pursue a policy of massive naval construction. This was especially true at the highest levels of Society. Use without license or authorization is expressly prohibited. [30], Wilhelm supported the modernisers as they tried to reform the Prussian system of secondary education, which was rigidly traditional, elitist, politically authoritarian, and unchanged by the progress in the natural sciences. [88] This was to be his home for the remainder of his life. He was wildly jealous of the British, wanting to be British, wanting to be better at being British than the British were, while at the same time hating them and resenting them because he never could be fully accepted by them". "From the outset, the half-German side of him was at war with the half-English side. Kaiser Wilhelm was born on January 26, 1877. [77] Increasingly cut off from reality and the political decision-making process, Wilhelm vacillated between defeatism and dreams of victory, depending upon the fortunes of his armies. Moreover, the Kartell, the shifting coalition government that Bismarck had been able to maintain since 1867, had finally lost its majority of seats in the Reichstag. [31][32], Historians have frequently stressed the role of Wilhelm's personality in shaping his reign. He once confided to his uncle, the Prince of Wales, that his dream was to have a "fleet of my own some day". The torments inflicted on me, in this pony riding, must be attributed to my mother."[14]. The KWImF WebWilliam I, German in full Wilhelm Friedrich Ludwig, (born March 22, 1797, Berlindied March 9, 1888, Berlin), German emperor from 1871, as well as king of Prussia from 1861, a He grew up like any Prussian Prince, except for an arm Nonetheless, they continued the war for four more years. [37] He had an especially bad relationship with his Uncle Bertie, the Prince of Wales (later King Edward VII). [26] In 1891, the Reichstag passed the Workers Protection Acts, which improved working conditions, protected women and children and regulated labour relations. [38] In turn, Wilhelm often snubbed his uncle, whom he referred to as "the old peacock" and lorded his position as emperor over him. Whlen Sie aus erstklassigen Inhalten zum Thema Kaiser Wilhelm Bad in hchster Qualitt. Despite their very troubled relationship, Wilhelm wrote to a friend, "Today the 100th birthday of my mother! [8], Modern medical assessments have concluded Wilhelm's hypoxic state at birth, due to the breech delivery and the heavy dosage of chloroform, left him with minimal to mild brain damage, which manifested itself in his subsequent hyperactive and erratic behaviour, limited attention span and impaired social abilities. WebWilhelm was born on 27 January 1859 in Berlin, the eldest child of Crown Prince Frederick of Prussia and Victoria, daughter of Queen Victoria of the United Kingdom. Determined to have his own way, he forced Chancellor Otto von Bismarck to resign in 1890, and took charge of domestic and foreign policy himself. Kaiser wilhelm II was 5 foot and 7 inches Wiki User 2011-12-21 22:27:10 This answer is: Study guides World War 1 18 cards What is an armistice What was the effect of WebKaiser Wilhelm Position: Pitcher Bats: Right Throws: Right 6-0 , 162lb (183cm, 73kg) Born: January 26, 1877 in Wooster, OH us More bio, uniform, draft, salary info Become a Kaiser Wilhelm played for 5 teams; the Pittsburgh Pirates, Boston Beaneaters, Brooklyn Superbas, Baltimore Terrapins and Philadelphia Phillies. Wilhelm was born in Berlin on 27 January 1859at the Crown Prince's Palaceto Victoria, Princess Royal "Vicky", the eldest daughter of Britain's Queen Victoria, and Prince Frederick William of Prussia ("Fritz" the future Frederick III). After Kassel he spent four terms at the University of Bonn, studying law and politics. At least six of them were directly or indirectly connected with Wyatt Earp! Wilhelm seems to be about two or three centimeters taller in that one picture because his head is tilted. Even though Wilhelm had not been on the throne at the time, Alexandra felt anger over the Prussian seizure of Schleswig-Holstein from Denmark in the 1860s, and was also annoyed over Wilhelm's treatment of his mother. He routinely argued with Bismarck in the council to make it clear where he stood on social policy. Much of the play-by-play, game results, and transaction information both shown and used to create certain data sets was obtained free of charge from and is copyrighted by RetroSheet. [47] Wilhelm's fiery rhetoric clearly expressed his vision for Germany as one of the great powers.

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