It was at least partially successful. half All this was accompanied by the extremest moral degradation. WebThus, there were 12 tribes, corresponding to the 12 sons of Jacob, but the tribe of Joseph was given a double portion and consisted of the two "half-tribes" (Josh 13:29, 21:6, 25, etc) of Ephraim and Manasseh. 1:21 gives Sarchedonus). The city apparently was taken. topical outline. the people. He said: You have carried out everything Moses the servant of God commanded you, and you have obediently done everything I have commanded you. The importation of tribes from Eastern Asia thus becomes part of the same policy as the attack on Judah. 10:3, 1). (Bamidbar 32:33,34,41). So it was in Jerusalem in the days of Manasseh. There are indications that the neighboring nations Philistines, Moabites, Ammonites who had been tributary under Hezekiah, revolted at some period in the reign of Manasseh, and asserted their independence (Zep 2:4-15; Jer 47; Jer 48; Jer 49). The awful words in Isa 1:10 had a terrible truth in them. A new series - "Echoes of Eden" is currently in progress. The first three volumes are in print and the fourth is in production. Why is Manasseh called a "half tribe" of Israel? 2. Having authored hundreds of articles on the weekly parasha and holidays with a readership in excess of 10,000, Rabbi Kahn is also the author of Explorations, an in-depth analysis of the weekly Torah reading, and Emanations, an in-depth analysis of the Jewish holidays. Should the explanation in Genesis on how God created plants before the sun affect the understanding of creation? And when they came to the borders of the Jordan, that are in the land of Canaan, the sons of Reuven and the sons of Gad and the half tribe of Menashe built there an altar by the Jordan, a great and conspicuous altar. The remarkable story begins in 722 BCE, when the Assyrian Empire conquered and deported the nine tribes of the northern kingdom of Israel, which had split from the southern kingdom of Judea 200 years earlier. Isaiah is miraculously rescued. 3. On the prophetic benediction of Jacob, above referred to, although Manasseh, as the representative of his future lineage, had, like his grand- uncle Esau, lost his birthright in favor of his younger brother, he received, as Esau had, a blessing only inferior to the birthright itself. Webwhy is it called half tribe of manasseh. This is what God said: 'If I bring them now into the Land, there will not be enough portions for all the twelve tribes; I had better delay them in the wilderness until they have inherited the other side of the Jordan, and until the sons of Reuben and Gad and half the tribe of Manasseh have taken their portions, and then I will bring them into the Land. The message Menashe received was one of lack of unity with his extended family and perhaps an exaggerated sense of dedication to immediate family. Ezekiel has a place for the tribe of Manasseh in his picture of the future and John includes the tribe in his vision described in Revelation 7:6. (WEB JPS ASV BBE NAS RSV NIV) Joshua 12:6Moses the servant of The tribes were considered ''half'' tribes They either left all that to Ephraim, or were so far removed from the center of the nation as to have little interest in what was taking place. 12 Then Joshua addressed the Reubenites, the Gadites, and the half-tribe of Manasseh. The duration of Esar-haddon's Babylonian reign is calculated as being in B.C. June 26 2017 Tribe of Manasseh WebAlas, it was not so with Ephraim and Manasseh, and nor is it necessarily so with us. One part of the land is given to Machir, son of Manasseh, who must have been at least 180 years old. What constitutes a half-tribe? - Christianity Stack Exchange It becomes evident that East Manasseh was settled primarily by two clans within WebHe appoints the tribe of Gad's allotment as falling within the first "period" of "three general divisions and periods" of the Conquest. April, 1859, p. 75). Furthermore it was Menashe who served as his father's interpreter. see http://arikahn.blogspot.com/2009/07/parshiot-matot-masay-5769.html. the Sept. ), but had afterwards become foul, Jerusalem should be emptied and wiped out, and exposed to the winds of Heaven till it was cleansed. called part 3:5). (14) The brothers passed the test, paving the way for a reunification. 'Of the inhabitants of Gilead' means, of those who sat in the Hall of Hewn Stones. P7_LSMop('p7LSM_1',3,0,100,500,1,1,1,1,0,1,5,1,0,1,0,0,0,100,1); Then he returned to Jerusalem and lived righteously and justly. The first attempt of Babylon to assert its independence of Nineveh failed. Suddenly, a Harold Klingaman. The position of the tribe of Manasseh during the march to Canaan was with Ephraim and Benjamin on the west side of the sacred tent. And he took Geshur, and Aram, with the towns of Yair, from them, with Kenath, and its towns, sixty cities. Bible Reading Plans - Chronological - MSG - March 29, 2023 All answers are REVIEWED and MODERATED. If he had to content himself with a smaller territory, he might yet guard its capital against attack by a new wall defending what had been before its weak side (comp. SEE MANASSES, PRAYER OF. Tribe of Manasseh Evil was coming on Jerusalem which should make the ears of men to tingle (2Ki 21:12). The fiercest zeal of Huguenots in France, of Covenanters in Scotland, against the badges and symbols of the Latin Church, is perhaps but a faint shadow of that which grew to a white heat in the hearts of the worshippers of Jehovah. It is surely a strained, almost a fantastic hypothesis, to assign (as Ewald does) to such a period two such noble works as Deuteronomy and the book of Job. The genealogies of the tribe are preserved in Nu 26:28-34; Jos 17:1, etc. The exceeding bitterness of Hezekiah's sorrow at the threatened approach of death (2Ki 20:2-3; 2Ch 32:24; Isa 38:1-3), is more natural if we think of him as sinking under the thought that he was dying childless, leaving no heir to his work and to his kingdom. Source: McClintock and Strong Cyclopedia book module from SwordSearcher. Really, it The Netziv(10)suggested that the tribe of Menashe was not interested in staying outside Israel. Manasseh, Tribe of What are the Physical devices used to construct memories? The result was a debasement which had not been equaled even in the reign of Ahaz, uniting in one center the abominations which elsewhere existed separately. For other discussions of the alleged improbabilities of the Biblical narrative, see Dahlers, Defide Chronic. and all the house of my father. Together with the Tribe of Ephraim, Manasseh also formed the House of Joseph. After the Exodus from Egypt and the death of Moses, the Israelites entered the Promised Land under the Clearly this was not Yosef's intention, but the abuse perpetrated by Menashe was paid back in the future. It is interesting to note, that Lot himself had just returned from Egypt, just as these tribes had, and here he is stating that the land reminds him of Egypt, perhaps these tribes as well choose to remain on the east of the Jordan, because this land reminded them of Egypt. Because of the sin of Reuben ( Gen 49:4 ), the firstborn, the birthright of the The prophets, we may well imagine, would welcome the prospect of a successor named by a king who had been so true and faithful. WebThen Joshua called the Reubenites, and the Gadites, and the half tribe of Manasseh, and said unto them, Ye have kept all that Moses the servant of the LORD commanded you, and have obeyed my voice in all that I commanded you: ye have not left your brethren these many days unto this day, but have kept the charge of the commandment of the LORD your It was bounded on the south by Mahanaim, and extended north to the foot of Lebanon. But beyond this the reformation did not go. Without adopting Ewald's hypothesis that this is referred to in De 28:68, it is yet likely enough in itself, and Jer 2:14-16 seems to allude to some such state of things. 0 responses Then came his condemnation. jordan where there was batter grass for their sheep to graze Pseudojon. The three kinds of burnt-offerings therefore which the prince sacrificed were in allusion to the sons of Machir the son of Menashe, while the male of the goats for a sin-offering was in allusion to Yair who did not bequeath his portion to his sons since he had no sons. David had judges or officers there for all matters sacred and secular (1Ch 26:32); and Solomon's commissariat officer, Ben-Geber, ruled over the towns of Jair and the whole district of Argob (1Ki 4:13), and transmitted their productions, doubtless not without their people, to the court of Jerusalem. This name, too, is strangely significant. Had they not remained in these wild and inaccessible districts, but gone forward and taken their lot with the rest, who shall say what changes might not have occurred in the history of the nation, through the presence of such energetic and warlike spirits? MANASSEH This makes Manasseh the 13th tribe! Reuben, Levi, Simeon, Judah, Isaachar, Zebulon, Gad, Asher, Dan, In fact, a civil war nearly broke out when, upon returning from battle, the dissenting tribes realized that they were so far from the spiritual center of Israel that they built an altar on their territory. This is because Jacob adopted the two sons of Joseph, Ephraim and Manasseh, in order that they might have the double inheritance due to the birthright son. p. 199, 210; Religionsid. The reason why he called them [the villages] by his own name was because he had no male child and his portion was inherited by his brothers, the sons of Machir. Joseph two sons, Manasseh and Ephraim. A positive connection between Manasseh and Benjamin is implied in the genealogies of 1 Chronicles 7, where Machir is said to have married into the family of Huppim and Shuppim, chief houses in the latter tribe (ver. Therefore said we, that it shall be, when they should so say to us or to our generations in time to come, that we may say again, Behold the pattern of the altar of the Lord, which our fathers made, not for burnt offerings, nor for sacrifices; but it is a witness between us and you. The Land must be divided among the tribes; how will the lines be drawn? It is gratifying to reflect that these notices, faint and scattered as they are, are all colored with goods and exhibit none of the repulsive traits of that most repulsive heathenism into which other tribes of Israel fell. To say that his reasoning contradicts our belief in the inspiration of the historical books of Scripture, and is destructive of all reverence for them, would involve a petitio principii, and, however strongly it may influence our feelings, we are bound to find another answer. WebAnswer (1 of 14): > * (1Ch 9:1-3) 9 All the Israelites were enrolled genealogically, and they are written in the Book of the Kings of Israel. Why the USA is Manasseh: A Summation Ewald, a critic of a nobler stamp, whose fault is rather that of fantastic reconstruction than needress skepticism (Gesch. In this light, the first statement of Moshe's response to their request is not merely a factual rejoinder; it belies Moshe's moral outrage. But, though thus outwardly prosperous, a similar fate awaited them in the end to that which befell Gad and Reuben; they gradually assimilated themselves to the old inhabitants of the country they "transgressed against the God of their fathers, and went a-whoring after the gods of the people of the land whom God destroyed before them" (ver. Please note that board does not include fees for vet, farrier or deworming. Indeed, all the soberer German critics accept it as truth, and place Manasseh's captivity under Esar-haddon (Bertheau, ad loc.). All this involved also a systematic violation of the weekly sabbatic rest and the consequent loss of one witness against a merely animal life (Isa 56:2; Isa 58:13). The half-tribe of Manasseh mentioned in Joshua 1:12 is the half of that tribe that settled east of the Jordan, along with the full tribes of Reuben and Gad. Does the devil have power to make us sick? 13:25), he replied. (6), Similarly, the Ramban suggests that these two families of Menashe became involved only at this point: When they saw the deal that had been negotiated by the other tribes they jumped on the proverbial bandwagon, hoping to negotiate similar terms. The morbid desire for widening the range of their knowledge and penetrating into the mysteries of other systems of belief may possibly have contributed now, as it had done in the days of Solomon, to increase the evil (Jer 2:10-25; Ewald, Gesch. Like Reuben and Gad, they were obliged to help the main body of the Hebrews in "Manasseh, The Tribe of." They were pure warriors, who had taken the most prominent part in the conquest of those provinces which up to that time had been conquered, and whose deeds are constantly referred to (Nu 32:39; De 3:13-15) with credit and renown. 15. There they throve exceedingly, pushing their way northward over the rich plains of Jaulan and Jedur the Gaulanitis and Ituraea of the Roman period to the foot of Mount Hermon (1Ch 5:23). Website HTML, editorial descriptions, and images 2023 StudyLamp Software LLC. Please ensure your answer MEETS all our guidelines. This opinion is supported by a halachic opinion found in the Jerusalem Talmud(11) regarding the question whether the mitzvah of First Fruits applies on the other side of the Jordan - or if this land is considered Diaspora. After WebBoth Manasseh and Ephraim were given equal shares of the promised land, when it was divided among the tribes. The twelve sons of Jacob are (in order of age): An eponymous Gilead is mentioned in the biblical genealogies as a descendant of Manasseh, presumably implying that the Gilead group was part of Manasseh, and since Gilead is also the name of a specific part of the land east of the Jordan River, the Gilead tribal group presumably refers to the half tribe of Manasseh Why The last twelve years of Hezekiah's reign were not, however, it will be remembered, those which were likely to influence for good the character of his successor. 14. The work of destroying idols went on in Ephraim and Manasseh as well as in Judah (2Ch 31:1). "-Ge 41:45, 50-52. These names are meant for allegorical interpretation: when He [God] would shake (mar'ish) the world [in His wrath], Elijah recalls (mazkir) the merit of the ancestors, whereupon, lo, 'The sons of Jerobam,' which means, God is filled with compassion (rahamim) for His world. half in the sense they and Ephraim are two tribes of one son of the 12 sons of Israel (Jacob) ie Joseph. Thus says the LORD, Let not a wise man boast of his Why is Manasseh called a "half tribe" of Israel? - eBible How many 5 letter words can you make from Cat in the Hat? Isaiah (in a passage clearly belonging to a later date than the early portions of the book, and apparently suggested by some conspicuous marriage), with his characteristic fondness for tracing auguries in names, finds in that of the new queen a prophecy of the ultimate restoration of Israel and the glories of Jerusalem (Isa 62:4-5; compare Blunt, Scriptural Coincid. 3:4), and whom Isaiah saw through and distrusted. The northern kingdom was called Israel and the southern kingdom was called Judah because it included two tribes: Judah and Benjamin (2 Chronicles 11:23). There were times that Menashe became actively involved in the abuse of his uncles: When he sent them, Yosef's brethren looked to see what he would do. Possibly this is due to the prowess which the tribe had shown in the conquest of Gilead, for Manasseh was certainly at this time the most distinguished of all the tribes. Even the king's sons, instead of being presented to Jehovah, received a horrible fire-baptism dedicating them to Molech (2Ch 33:6), while others were actually slaughtered (Eze 23:37,39). One or the other of these causes, although not stated by the sacred historian, brought into Judaea an Assyrian army, under the general of Esar-haddon, and this time the invasion was more successful than that of Sennacherib. Share ver. Routh, Rel. WebSome might say that Ephraim is not listed, but as the "leading tribe" of Joseph, Ephraim is sometimes called Joseph. From the indications of the history, it would appear that Manasseh took very little part in public affairs. About this time, accordingly, we find the thought of an Egyptian alliance again beginning to gain favor. The writer deliberately turns away from the history of the days of shame, and not less from the personal biography of the king. V. Another Israelite of Hashun who did the same (Ezr 10:33). Manasseh had then increased to 52,700, while Ephraim had diminished to 32,500 (Nu 26:34,37). Joseph named his firstborn What is are the functions of diverse organisms? Manasseh had 1:404). (7) The Ramban explains that numerically they were the smallest group in the tribe of Menashe, and thought that on the other side of the Jordan they would get larger tracts of land.(8). Who were the half-tribe of Manasseh? - eBible 459. R. Nehorai said: To Gad, for it says, And Elijah the Tishbite, who was of the settlers of Gilead, said (I Kings, 17:1). The rebellion of Merodach-Baladan was crushed, and then the wrath of the Assyrian king fell on those who had supported him. Gen. 13) it was Menashe who put the cup into Binyamin's sack. En-Dor was on the slopes of the so-called "Little Hermon." SEE ESAR-HADDON. Shmot Rabbah 20:14: R. Joshua b. Levi said: It can be compared to a king who had twelve sons and ten estates. They said, "If we have found favor in your eyes, let this land be given to your servants as a heritage; do not bring us across the Jordan." Teds Bio; Fact Sheet; Hoja Informativa Del Ted Fund; Ted Fund Board 2021-22; 2021 Ted Fund Donors; Ted Fund Donors Over the Years. (b) If we accept it, to what period in the reign of Manasseh is it to be assigned? called Moshe apportions the land; Yair from the family of Menashe built small towns, and then proceeded to name them after himself. 1. 3:667). What are the answers to studies weekly week 26 social studies? 666). Your wives, your children, and your livestock can stay here east of the Jordan, the country Moses gave you; but you, tough soldiers all, must cross the River in battle formation, leading your brothers, helping them until God, your God, gives your brothers a place of rest just as he has done for you. When the brothers stand before him in Egypt, at the mercy of this Prince of Egypt, Yosef may have had the right to test his brothers to see if they were repentant, or if they would abandon their brother Binyamin when it became expedient to do so. With this, however, there was associated the old Molech worship of the Ammonites. The persecution, like most other persecutions carried on with entire singleness of purpose, was for a time successful (Jer 2:30). Indeed, the evil was irreparable. Moshe accuses. why is it called half tribe of manasseh Nor were the preparations for defense limited to Jerusalem. When the Tosefta describes the sin of sinat chinam it couples it with "loving money" see Tosefta Menachot 13:22. The higher the Don't trust your Bible study to a mere web search. That episode was disastrous for the Israelites, bringing upon them 39 years of wandering in the desert. Instead, Joseph's line was represented by the phrase "the half tribes of Ephraim and Manasseh." and called it after his own name" (Nu 32:42). Download Under 18 yrs Liability Waiver Agreement, Download Over 18 yrs Liability Waiver True References to Joshua's death and the elders that oulived him indicate that these final notations in Joshua were added by another inspired writer, perhaps ___________. philol. Five volumes of "Explorations" have been published in French. If the prophecy of Isa 22:15 received, as it probably did, its fulfillment in Shebna's sharing the captivity of his master, there is nothing extravagant in the belief that we may refer to the same period the noble words which speak of Eliakim, the son of Hilkiah, as taking the place which Shebna should leave vacant, and rising up to be "a father unto the inhabitants of Jerusalem and to the house of Judah," having "the key of the house of David on his shoulder." It appears nowhere else in the history of the kingdom of Judah. In Jos 17:14-18. a passage usually regarded by critics as an exceedingly ancient document, we find the two tribes of Joseph complaining that only one portion had been allotted to them, viz. Naphtali, Ephraim, Manasseh, and Benjamin. The Midrash(12) has a completely different approach to Menashe's remaining in the land east of Israel. Report, May 08 2013 "Jair, the son of Manasseh, took all the tract of Argob sixty great cities" (De 3:14,4). In the former there is no mention made of captivity or repentance or return. Manasseh is called a half-tribe because he was one half of the tribe of Joseph. I, 2:131; Keil, Apoloq. The behavior of the tribe of Menashe was complex: In the past they had conflicting attributes, they were close with family, yet abused strangers who were also family. Webnight | 74 views, 3 likes, 0 loves, 3 comments, 1 shares, Facebook Watch Videos from Historic Baptist Church: Sunday Night He saw and deplored the evils of his reign he became as a new man he humbly besought pardon from God, and implored that he might be enabled to evince the sincerity of his contrition by being restored to a position for undoing all that it had been the business of his life to effect. 8:27,40). WebThe Israelites in America are dominated by the Tribe of Manasseh. (3) Still keeping on the level of human probabilities, the character of the writer of 2 Chronicles, obviously a Levite, and looking at the facts of the history from the Levitical point of view, would lead him to attach greater importance to a partial reinstatement of the old ritual and to the cessation of persecution, and so to give them in proportion a greater prominence. What are the 4 major sources of law in Zimbabwe? Moshe's comparison of their request to the behavior of the spies is a stinging rebuke: the dissident spies of the previous generation rejected the Land of Israel, and preferred to remain outside her boundaries. Yet, even before the Israelites entered the Promised Land, the tribes of Reuben, Gad, and the half-tribe of Manasseh had already staked out their claimthey chose to In Bethshean, the most easterly city of the cis-Jordanic Manasseh, the two portions all but joined. Would the prophecy of Isaiah, it may be asked, have been recorded and preserved if it had not been fulfilled? Isr. The first two tribes, Reuven and Gad, were involved in the negotiations with Moshe from the outset. in Havercamp's Josephus, 2:104). He is a renowned speaker, and has lectured worldwide. Webnight | 74 views, 3 likes, 0 loves, 3 comments, 1 shares, Facebook Watch Videos from Historic Baptist Church: Sunday Night narrative of Manasseh's reign. Share How did Jesus sit on the donkey and her offspring on one time in Matthew 21:5-8? The king is not named there, but Ezr 4:2,10, gives Asnapper, and this is probably only another form of Asardanapar, and this = Esar-haddon (compare Ewald, Gesch. We must, therefore, infer either that there had been no heir to the throne up to that comparatively late period in his reign, or that any that had been born had died, or that, as sometimes happened in the succession of Jewish and other Eastern kings, the elder son was passed over for the younger. Not the less, however, from this time forth, did it continue to be the favorite idea which took possession of the minds of the lay-party of the princes of Judah. The slaughter was like that under Alva or Charles IX (2Ki 21:16). called Those who lay undue stress on them act in the spirit of a clever boy asking puzzling questions, or a sharp advocate getting up a case against the evidence on the other side, rather than in that of critics who have learned how to construct a history and to value its materials rightly (comp. Mount Ephraim (ver. Sunday Night | night | Sunday Night | By Historic Baptist Church The miserable king attempted flight, but was discovered in a thorn-brake in which he had hidden himself, was laden with chains, and sent away as a captive to Babylon, which was then subject to the Assyrians, where he was cast into prison. Those who felt exclusively a connection with their own children and were hyper-focused on the land they would bequeath as an inheritance remained outside the land, those who felt brotherhood and a sense of nationhood entered the land and the shechina dwelled in their midst. Demographically an overwhelming proportion of the early founding settlers of what became the USA came from areas in the British Isles and Western Europe that pertain to Manasseh. Ephraim leads one of the camps in their wilderness sojourn. And Judah was taken into exile to Babylon for its unfaithfulness. The Tribe of Manasseh: The Half-Tribe and 3 Lessons We Can He is Director of Foreign Student Programs at Bar-Ilan University in Israel, where he also is a senior lecturer in Jewish studies. That which made this sin the greater was that the king's mother, Hephzibah, was the daughter of Isaiah. It is not improbable that his absence from that city had given a breathing time to the oppressed adherents of the ancient creed, and possibly had brought into prominence, as the provisional ruler and defender of the city, one of the chief members of the party. Agreement. Likewise in the case of the children of Gad and the children of Reuben, you find that they were rich, possessing large numbers of cattle, but they loved their money(19) and settled outside the Land of Israel. Gideon was, in fact, "the greatest of the judges, and his children all but established hereditary monarchy in their own line" (Stanley, S. and P. p. 230). Who were the models in Van Halen's finish what you started video? From this time the eastern Manasseh fades entirely from our view, and the western is hardly kept before us by an occasional mention. See comments of Ramban and Chizkuni Bamidbar 32:41. And the sons of Gad built Divon, and Atarot, and Aroer And Yair the son of Menasheh went and took its small towns, and called them Havot-Yair. Promising growth. The only associations connected with it were that it belonged to the tribe which was all but. Manasseh According to this approach, they were punished for something which had taken place long ago: And Ya'akov rent his garments (Bereishit 37:34). There are signs that even among the king's highest officers of state there was one, Shebna the scribe (Isa 37:2), the treasurer (Isa 22:15) "over the house," whose policy was simply that of a selfish ambition, himself possibly a foreigner (comp. 2. Menashe caused the tribal ancestors to rend their garments, therefore his heritage was rent [divided], and he received half in Transjordan and half in Eretz Israel. In that of Josiah, the destruction extends to the priests of the high places, whom he sacrifices on their own altars (2Ki 23:20). 2:234; Rosenmller, Alterth. "And the Lord heard the voice of Manasses and pitied him," the legend continues, "and there came around him a flame of fire, and all the irons about him ( ) were melted, and the Lord delivered him out of his affliction" (Const. (Bamidbar Rabbah 14:7, cited by Rashi 32:41), In fact we are told that Yair was not even a member of the tribe of Menashe, he was a distant cousin who felt a sense of brotherhood and built something for his cousins:(17), And afterwards Hezron went in to the daughter of Machir the father of Gilead, whom he married when he was sixty years old; and she bore him Segub. "How can you remain behind in comfort while you brothers battle?" The Tribe of Gad (4) There is one peculiarity in the history which is, in some measure, of the nature of an undesigned coincidence, and so confirms it. ), was on the coast of the Mediterranean, sheltered behind the range of Carmel, and immediately opposite the bluff or shoulder which forms its highest point. They manage to avoid any specific mention of stirring trouble, though Manasseh was implicated in the spies bad report. Furthermore there would seem to be a moral connection between the behavior of the Sodomites and the Egyptians, both were descendants of Cham, and seem to be hot blooded, as soon as Sarah arrives Pharoh takes her, when Yosef arrives he is accosted by the wife of Potifar, in Sodom as soon as the angels arrive and are greeted by Lot, the welcoming committee consisting of the inhabitants of Sodom soon arrives, wanting to get to "know" the guests in a biblical sense.

Can Herniated Disc Cause Pain, Groin Area, Women's Track Spikes Sprint, Delta Airlines Pilot Tattoo Policy, New York Times Obituaries This Week, How Does Rightmove Make Money, Articles W